In the below topology, Traffic is asymmetric as outgoing
taffic from R1 is going via R2 -> R5 ->R6 whereas
taffic from R1 is going via R2 -> R5 ->R6 whereas
Incoming traffic is coming from R6-> R4 ->R3->R1
To remove asymmetric routing, we need to manipulate the
incoming traffic. MED is used on R3 so that R6 will always prefer the path from
R5
incoming traffic. MED is used on R3 so that R6 will always prefer the path from
R5
R1:-
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1
255.255.255.255
255.255.255.255
interface FastEthernet0/0
description ”
Connected to R2″
Connected to R2″
ip address
12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
interface FastEthernet0/1
description ”
Connected to R3″
Connected to R3″
ip address
13.13.13.1 255.255.255.0
13.13.13.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
interface FastEthernet2/0
description ”
Connected to PC1″
Connected to PC1″
ip address
10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
router bgp 1
no synchronization
bgp
log-neighbor-changes
log-neighbor-changes
network 10.1.1.0
mask 255.255.255.0
mask 255.255.255.0
neighbor 12.12.12.2
remote-as 1
remote-as 1
neighbor
13.13.13.3 remote-as 1
13.13.13.3 remote-as 1
R2:-
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2
255.255.255.255
255.255.255.255
interface FastEthernet0/0
description ”
Connected to R1″
Connected to R1″
ip address
12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
interface FastEthernet1/0
description ”
Connected to R5″
Connected to R5″
ip address
25.25.25.2 255.255.255.0
25.25.25.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
router bgp 1
no synchronization
bgp router-id
2.2.2.2
2.2.2.2
bgp
log-neighbor-changes
log-neighbor-changes
neighbor
12.12.12.1 remote-as 1
12.12.12.1 remote-as 1
neighbor
12.12.12.1 next-hop-self
12.12.12.1 next-hop-self
neighbor
25.25.25.5 remote-as 2
25.25.25.5 remote-as 2
R3:-
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3
255.255.255.255
255.255.255.255
interface FastEthernet0/1
description ” Connected to R1″
ip address
13.13.13.3 255.255.255.0
13.13.13.3 255.255.255.0
no shut
interface FastEthernet1/0
description ” Connected to R4″
ip address
34.34.34.3 255.255.255.0
34.34.34.3 255.255.255.0
no shut
router bgp 1
no synchronization
bgp router-id
3.3.3.3
3.3.3.3
bgp
log-neighbor-changes
log-neighbor-changes
neighbor
13.13.13.1 remote-as 1
13.13.13.1 remote-as 1
neighbor
13.13.13.1 next-hop-self
13.13.13.1 next-hop-self
neighbor
34.34.34.4 remote-as 2
34.34.34.4 remote-as 2
no auto-summary
configured MED:-
router bgp 1
neighbor 34.34.34.4 route-map SET_MED out
route-map SET_MED permit 10
set metric 500
R4:-
interface FastEthernet0/1
description ” Connected to R6″
ip address
46.46.46.4 255.255.255.0
46.46.46.4 255.255.255.0
no shut
interface FastEthernet1/0
description ” Connected to R3″
ip address
34.34.34.4 255.255.255.0
34.34.34.4 255.255.255.0
no shut
router bgp 2
no synchronization
bgp
log-neighbor-changes
log-neighbor-changes
neighbor
34.34.34.3 remote-as 1
34.34.34.3 remote-as 1
neighbor
46.46.46.6 remote-as 2
46.46.46.6 remote-as 2
neighbor
46.46.46.6 next-hop-self
46.46.46.6 next-hop-self
no auto-summary
R5:-
interface Loopback0
ip address 5.5.5.5
255.255.255.255
255.255.255.255
interface FastEthernet0/0
description ” Connected to R6″
ip address
56.56.56.5 255.255.255.0
56.56.56.5 255.255.255.0
no shut
interface FastEthernet1/0
description ” Connected to R2″
ip address
25.25.25.5 255.255.255.0
25.25.25.5 255.255.255.0
no shut
router bgp 2
no synchronization
bgp
log-neighbor-changes
log-neighbor-changes
neighbor
25.25.25.2 remote-as 1
25.25.25.2 remote-as 1
neighbor
56.56.56.6 remote-as 2
56.56.56.6 remote-as 2
neighbor
56.56.56.6 next-hop-self
56.56.56.6 next-hop-self
no auto-summary
R6:-
interface Loopback0
ip address 6.6.6.6
255.255.255.255
255.255.255.255
interface FastEthernet0/0
description ” Connected to R5″
ip address
56.56.56.6 255.255.255.0
56.56.56.6 255.255.255.0
no shut
interface FastEthernet0/1
description ” Connected to R4″
ip address
46.46.46.6 255.255.255.0
46.46.46.6 255.255.255.0
no shut
interface FastEthernet2/0
description ” Connected to PC2″
ip address
20.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
20.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
router bgp 2
no synchronization
bgp
log-neighbor-changes
log-neighbor-changes
network 20.1.1.0
mask 255.255.255.0
mask 255.255.255.0
neighbor
46.46.46.4 remote-as 2
46.46.46.4 remote-as 2
neighbor
56.56.56.5 remote-as 2
56.56.56.5 remote-as 2
no auto-summary
PC1:-
PC1> show ip
NAME :
PC1[1]
PC1[1]
IP/MASK :
10.1.1.10/24
10.1.1.10/24
GATEWAY :
10.1.1.1
10.1.1.1
DNS :
MAC : 00:50:79:66:68:00
LPORT : 10003
RHOST:PORT :
127.0.0.1:10002
127.0.0.1:10002
MTU: : 1500
PC2:-
PC2> show ip
NAME :
PC2[1]
PC2[1]
IP/MASK :
20.1.1.10/24
20.1.1.10/24
GATEWAY :
20.1.1.1
20.1.1.1
DNS :
MAC :
00:50:79:66:68:00
00:50:79:66:68:00
LPORT : 10003
RHOST:PORT :
127.0.0.1:10002
127.0.0.1:10002
MTU: : 1500
Verification:-
R1:-
Without AS Prepend:-
R1#sh ip route
Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M –
mobile, B – BGP
mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP,
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i – IS-IS,
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
ia – IS-IS
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
o – ODR, P – periodic downloaded static
route, H – NHRP
route, H – NHRP
+ –
replicated route, % – next hop override
replicated route, % – next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is
subnetted, 1 subnets
subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.1 is
directly connected, Loopback0
directly connected, Loopback0
10.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
L
10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
12.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
12.12.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
12.12.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L
12.12.12.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
12.12.12.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
13.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
13.13.13.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
13.13.13.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
L
13.13.13.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
13.13.13.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
20.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 20.1.1.0 [200/0] via 12.12.12.2,
00:10:52 //best path is selected as per selection criteria,
lowest router ID.
00:10:52 //best path is selected as per selection criteria,
lowest router ID.
R1#sh ip bgp summ
BGP router identifier 1.1.1.1, local AS number 1
BGP table version is 18, main routing table version 18
2 network entries using 256 bytes of memory
3 path entries using 156 bytes of memory
2/2 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 248 bytes
of memory
of memory
1 BGP AS-PATH entries using 24 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 684 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 3/1 prefixes, 9/6 paths, scan interval 60
secs
secs
Neighbor
V AS MsgRcvd
MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
V AS MsgRcvd
MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
12.12.12.2
4 1 84
83 18 0
0 01:11:37 1
4 1 84
83 18 0
0 01:11:37 1
13.13.13.3
4 1 192
187 18 0
0 02:47:10 1
4 1 192
187 18 0
0 02:47:10 1
R1#sh ip bgp neighbors | in router
BGP version 4,
remote router ID 2.2.2.2
remote router ID 2.2.2.2
BGP version 4,
remote router ID 3.3.3.3
remote router ID 3.3.3.3
R1#
With MED:-
R1#sh ip route
Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M –
mobile, B – BGP
mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP,
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i – IS-IS,
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
ia – IS-IS
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
o – ODR, P –
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
+ –
replicated route, % – next hop override
replicated route, % – next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is
subnetted, 1 subnets
subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.1 is
directly connected, Loopback0
directly connected, Loopback0
10.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
L
10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
12.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
12.12.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
12.12.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L
12.12.12.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
12.12.12.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
13.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
13.13.13.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
13.13.13.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
L 13.13.13.1/32
is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
20.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 20.1.1.0 [200/0] via 12.12.12.2,
00:37:25 \No change in outgoing traffic
00:37:25 \No change in outgoing traffic
R2:-
Without MED
R2#sh ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 2.2.2.2, local AS number 1
BGP table version is 5, main routing table version 5
2 network entries using 256 bytes of memory
2 path entries using 104 bytes of memory
2/2 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 248 bytes
of memory
of memory
1 BGP AS-PATH entries using 24 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 632 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 11/9 prefixes, 11/9 paths, scan interval 60
secs
secs
Neighbor
V AS MsgRcvd
MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
V AS MsgRcvd
MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
12.12.12.1
4 1 509
517 5 0
0 07:39:45 1
4 1 509
517 5 0
0 07:39:45 1
25.25.25.5
4 2 522
525 5 0
0 07:50:54 1
4 2 522
525 5 0
0 07:50:54 1
R2#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 2.2.2.2
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid,
> best, i – internal,
> best, i – internal,
r
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
Origin codes: i – IGP, e – EGP, ? – incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>i10.1.1.0/24
12.12.12.1 0 100
0 i
12.12.12.1 0 100
0 i
*> 20.1.1.0/24
25.25.25.5
0 2 i
25.25.25.5
0 2 i
R2#sh ip route
Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M –
mobile, B – BGP
mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP,
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i – IS-IS,
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
ia – IS-IS
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
o – ODR, P –
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
+ –
replicated route, % – next hop override
replicated route, % – next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
2.0.0.0/32 is
subnetted, 1 subnets
subnetted, 1 subnets
C 2.2.2.2 is
directly connected, Loopback0
directly connected, Loopback0
10.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 10.1.1.0
[200/0] via 12.12.12.1, 07:39:52
[200/0] via 12.12.12.1, 07:39:52
12.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
12.12.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
12.12.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L
12.12.12.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
12.12.12.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
20.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 20.1.1.0 [20/0] via 25.25.25.5,
07:50:04
07:50:04
25.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
25.25.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
25.25.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
L
25.25.25.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
25.25.25.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
R2#
With MED:-
R2#sh ip route
Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M –
mobile, B – BGP
mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA
– OSPF inter area
– OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i – IS-IS,
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
ia – IS-IS
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
o – ODR, P –
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
+ –
replicated route, % – next hop override
replicated route, % – next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
2.0.0.0/32 is
subnetted, 1 subnets
subnetted, 1 subnets
C 2.2.2.2 is
directly connected, Loopback0
directly connected, Loopback0
10.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 10.1.1.0
[200/0] via 12.12.12.1, 08:00:35
[200/0] via 12.12.12.1, 08:00:35
12.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
12.12.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
12.12.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L
12.12.12.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
12.12.12.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
20.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 20.1.1.0 [20/0] via 25.25.25.5,
08:10:47
08:10:47
25.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
25.25.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
25.25.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
L
25.25.25.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
25.25.25.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
R3:-
Without MED
R3#sh ip bgp su
BGP router identifier 3.3.3.3, local AS number 1
BGP table version is 3, main routing table version 3
2 network entries using 256 bytes of memory
2 path entries using 104 bytes of memory
2/2 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 248 bytes
of memory
of memory
1 BGP AS-PATH entries using 24 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 632 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 5/3 prefixes, 5/3 paths, scan interval 60
secs
secs
Neighbor
V AS MsgRcvd
MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
V AS MsgRcvd
MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
13.13.13.1
4 1 30
33 3 0
0 00:23:58 1
4 1 30
33 3 0
0 00:23:58 1
34.34.34.4
4 2 31
32 3 0
0 00:23:58 1
4 2 31
32 3 0
0 00:23:58 1
R3#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 3, local router ID is 3.3.3.3
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid,
> best, i – internal,
> best, i – internal,
r
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
Origin codes: i – IGP, e – EGP, ? – incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>i10.1.1.0/24
13.13.13.1 0 100
0 i
13.13.13.1 0 100
0 i
*>
20.1.1.0/24 34.34.34.4 0 2 i
20.1.1.0/24 34.34.34.4 0 2 i
R3#sh ip route
Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M –
mobile, B – BGP
mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP,
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i – IS-IS,
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
ia – IS-IS
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
o – ODR, P –
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
+ –
replicated route, % – next hop override
replicated route, % – next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
3.0.0.0/32 is
subnetted, 1 subnets
subnetted, 1 subnets
C 3.3.3.3 is
directly connected, Loopback0
directly connected, Loopback0
10.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 10.1.1.0
[200/0] via 13.13.13.1, 00:23:03
[200/0] via 13.13.13.1, 00:23:03
13.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
13.13.13.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
13.13.13.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
L
13.13.13.3/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
13.13.13.3/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
20.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 20.1.1.0 [20/0] via 34.34.34.4,
00:23:03
00:23:03
34.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
34.34.34.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
34.34.34.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
L
34.34.34.3/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
34.34.34.3/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
With MED:-
R3#sh ip route
Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M –
mobile, B – BGP
mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP,
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i – IS-IS,
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
ia – IS-IS inter
area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
o – ODR, P –
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
+ –
replicated route, % – next hop override
replicated route, % – next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
3.0.0.0/32 is
subnetted, 1 subnets
subnetted, 1 subnets
C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0
10.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 10.1.1.0
[200/0] via 13.13.13.1, 00:43:14
[200/0] via 13.13.13.1, 00:43:14
13.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
13.13.13.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
13.13.13.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
L
13.13.13.3/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
13.13.13.3/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
20.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 20.1.1.0 [20/0] via 34.34.34.4,
00:43:14
00:43:14
34.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
34.34.34.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
34.34.34.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
L
34.34.34.3/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
34.34.34.3/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
R4:-
Without MED
R4#sh ip bgp summ
BGP router identifier 4.4.4.4, local AS number 2
BGP table version is 9, main routing table version 9
2 network entries using 256 bytes of memory
2 path entries using 104 bytes of memory
2/2 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 248 bytes
of memory
of memory
1 BGP AS-PATH entries using 24 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 632 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 4/2 prefixes, 4/2 paths, scan interval 60
secs
secs
Neighbor
V AS MsgRcvd
MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
V AS MsgRcvd
MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
34.34.34.3
4 1 33
32 9 0
0 00:24:21 1
4 1 33
32 9 0
0 00:24:21 1
46.46.46.6
4 2 609
618 9
0 0 09:12:16 1
4 2 609
618 9
0 0 09:12:16 1
4#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 9, local router ID is 4.4.4.4
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid,
> best, i – internal,
> best, i – internal,
r
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
Origin codes: i – IGP, e – EGP, ? – incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.1.1.0/24
34.34.34.3
0 1 i
34.34.34.3
0 1 i
*>i20.1.1.0/24
46.46.46.6 0 100
0 i
46.46.46.6 0 100
0 i
R4#sh ip rou
Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M –
mobile, B – BGP
mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP,
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i – IS-IS,
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
ia – IS-IS
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
o – ODR, P –
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
+ – replicated route, % – next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
4.0.0.0/32 is
subnetted, 1 subnets
subnetted, 1 subnets
C 4.4.4.4 is
directly connected, Loopback0
directly connected, Loopback0
10.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 10.1.1.0 [20/0] via 34.34.34.3, 00:18:39
20.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 20.1.1.0
[200/0] via 46.46.46.6, 09:07:54
[200/0] via 46.46.46.6, 09:07:54
34.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
34.34.34.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
34.34.34.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
L
34.34.34.4/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
34.34.34.4/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
46.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
46.46.46.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
46.46.46.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
L
46.46.46.4/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
46.46.46.4/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R4#
With MED:-
R4#sh ip route
Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M –
mobile, B – BGP
mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP,
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF NSSA
external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i – IS-IS,
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
ia – IS-IS
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
o – ODR, P –
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
+ –
replicated route, % – next hop override
replicated route, % – next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
4.0.0.0/32 is
subnetted, 1 subnets
subnetted, 1 subnets
C 4.4.4.4 is
directly connected, Loopback0
directly connected, Loopback0
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 10.1.1.0
[20/500] via 34.34.34.3, 00:04:15
[20/500] via 34.34.34.3, 00:04:15
20.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 20.1.1.0
[200/0] via 46.46.46.6, 09:51:26
[200/0] via 46.46.46.6, 09:51:26
34.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 34.34.34.0/24
is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
L
34.34.34.4/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
34.34.34.4/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
46.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
46.46.46.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
46.46.46.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
L
46.46.46.4/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
46.46.46.4/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R4#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 12, local router ID is 4.4.4.4
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid,
> best, i – internal,
> best, i – internal,
r
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
Origin codes: i – IGP, e – EGP, ? – incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>
10.1.1.0/24 34.34.34.3 500 0 1 i
10.1.1.0/24 34.34.34.3 500 0 1 i
*>i20.1.1.0/24
46.46.46.6 0 100
0 i
46.46.46.6 0 100
0 i
R5:-
Without MED
R5#sh ip bgp sum
BGP router identifier 5.5.5.5, local AS number 2
BGP table version is 13, main routing table version 13
2 network entries using 256 bytes of memory
2 path entries using 104 bytes of memory
2/2 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 248 bytes
of memory
of memory
1 BGP AS-PATH entries using 24 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 632 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 7/5 prefixes, 7/5 paths, scan interval 60
secs
secs
Neighbor
V AS MsgRcvd
MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
V AS MsgRcvd
MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
25.25.25.2
4 1 527
524 13 0
0 07:52:40 1
4 1 527
524 13 0
0 07:52:40 1
56.56.56.6
4 2 614
616 13 0
0 09:12:04 1
4 2 614
616 13 0
0 09:12:04 1
R5#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 13, local router ID is 5.5.5.5
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid,
> best, i – internal,
> best, i – internal,
r
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
Origin codes: i – IGP, e – EGP, ? – incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.1.1.0/24
25.25.25.2
0 1 i
25.25.25.2
0 1 i
*>i20.1.1.0/24
56.56.56.6 0 100
0 i
56.56.56.6 0 100
0 i
R5#sh ip route
Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M –
mobile, B – BGP
mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP,
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i – IS-IS,
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
ia – IS-IS
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
o – ODR, P –
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
+ –
replicated route, % – next hop override
replicated route, % – next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
5.0.0.0/32 is
subnetted, 1 subnets
subnetted, 1 subnets
C 5.5.5.5 is
directly connected, Loopback0
directly connected, Loopback0
10.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 10.1.1.0
[20/0] via 25.25.25.2, 07:41:34
[20/0] via 25.25.25.2, 07:41:34
20.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 20.1.1.0
[200/0] via 56.56.56.6, 09:07:32
[200/0] via 56.56.56.6, 09:07:32
25.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
25.25.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
25.25.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
L
25.25.25.5/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
25.25.25.5/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
56.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets,
2 masks
2 masks
C
56.56.56.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
56.56.56.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L
56.56.56.5/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
56.56.56.5/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R5#
With MED:-
R5#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 13, local router ID is 5.5.5.5
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid,
> best, i – internal,
> best, i – internal,
r
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
Origin codes: i – IGP, e – EGP, ? – incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.1.1.0/24
25.25.25.2
0 1 i
25.25.25.2
0 1 i
*>i20.1.1.0/24
56.56.56.6 0 100
0 i
56.56.56.6 0 100
0 i
R5#sh ip route
Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M –
mobile, B – BGP
mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP,
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i – IS-IS,
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
ia – IS-IS
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
o – ODR, P –
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
+ –
replicated route, % – next hop override
replicated route, % – next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
5.0.0.0/32 is
subnetted, 1 subnets
subnetted, 1 subnets
C 5.5.5.5 is
directly connected, Loopback0
directly connected, Loopback0
10.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 10.1.1.0
[20/0] via 25.25.25.2, 08:03:18
[20/0] via 25.25.25.2, 08:03:18
20.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 20.1.1.0 [200/0] via 56.56.56.6,
09:29:16
09:29:16
25.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
25.25.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
25.25.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
L
25.25.25.5/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
25.25.25.5/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
56.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
56.56.56.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
56.56.56.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L 56.56.56.5/32
is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R6:-
Without MED
R6#sh ip bgp summ
BGP router identifier 6.6.6.6, local AS number 2
BGP table version is 14, main routing table version 14
2 network entries using 256 bytes of memory
3 path entries using 156 bytes of memory
2/2 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 248 bytes
of memory
of memory
1 BGP AS-PATH entries using 24 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 684 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 3/1 prefixes, 10/7 paths, scan interval 60
secs
secs
Neighbor
V AS MsgRcvd
MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
V AS MsgRcvd
MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
46.46.46.4
4 2 619
610 14 0
0 09:13:10 1
4 2 619
610 14 0
0 09:13:10 1
56.56.56.5
4 2 617
615 14 0
0 09:13:20 1
4 2 617
615 14 0
0 09:13:20 1
R6#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 14, local router ID is 6.6.6.6
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid,
> best, i – internal,
> best, i – internal,
r
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
Origin codes: i – IGP, e – EGP, ? – incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>i10.1.1.0/24
46.46.46.4 0 100
0 1 i
46.46.46.4 0 100
0 1 i
* i
56.56.56.5 0 100
0 1 i
56.56.56.5 0 100
0 1 i
*> 20.1.1.0/24
0.0.0.0 0
32768 i
0.0.0.0 0
32768 i
R6#sh ip route
Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M –
mobile, B – BGP
mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP,
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i – IS-IS,
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
ia – IS-IS
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
o – ODR, P –
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
+ –
replicated route, % – next hop override
replicated route, % – next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
6.0.0.0/32 is
subnetted, 1 subnets
subnetted, 1 subnets
C 6.6.6.6 is
directly connected, Loopback0
directly connected, Loopback0
10.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 10.1.1.0 [200/0] via 46.46.46.4,
00:14:25
00:14:25
20.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
20.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
20.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
L
20.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
20.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
46.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
46.46.46.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
46.46.46.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
L
46.46.46.6/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
46.46.46.6/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
56.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
56.56.56.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
56.56.56.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L
56.56.56.6/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
56.56.56.6/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R6#
With MED:-
R6#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 17, local router ID is 6.6.6.6
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid,
> best, i – internal,
> best, i – internal,
r
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
Origin codes: i – IGP, e – EGP, ? – incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*
i10.1.1.0/24 46.46.46.4 500 100
0 1 I \ Least preferred path – higher metric
i10.1.1.0/24 46.46.46.4 500 100
0 1 I \ Least preferred path – higher metric
*>i
56.56.56.5 0 100
0 1 i
56.56.56.5 0 100
0 1 i
*> 20.1.1.0/24
0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
R6#sh ip route
Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M –
mobile, B – BGP
mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP,
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i – IS-IS,
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
ia – IS-IS
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
o – ODR, P –
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP
+ –
replicated route, % – next hop override
replicated route, % – next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
6.0.0.0/32 is
subnetted, 1 subnets
subnetted, 1 subnets
C 6.6.6.6 is
directly connected, Loopback0
directly connected, Loopback0
10.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 1 subnets
is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 10.1.1.0 [200/0] via 56.56.56.5,
00:05:36
00:05:36
20.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
20.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
20.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
L
20.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
20.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
46.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
46.46.46.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
46.46.46.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
L 46.46.46.6/32
is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
56.0.0.0/8 is
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C
56.56.56.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
56.56.56.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L
56.56.56.6/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
56.56.56.6/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
PC1:-
Without MED
PC1> trace 20.1.1.10
trace to 20.1.1.10, 8 hops max, press Ctrl+C to stop
1 10.1.1.1
10.000 ms 10.000 ms 20.000 ms
10.000 ms 10.000 ms 20.000 ms
2 12.12.12.2
30.000 ms 30.000 ms 30.000 ms \R2
30.000 ms 30.000 ms 30.000 ms \R2
3 25.25.25.5
50.000 ms 50.000 ms 50.000 ms
\R5
50.000 ms 50.000 ms 50.000 ms
\R5
4 56.56.56.6
80.000 ms 60.000 ms 50.000 ms
\R6
80.000 ms 60.000 ms 50.000 ms
\R6
5 *20.1.1.10
80.000 ms (ICMP type:3, code:3, Destination port unreachable)
80.000 ms (ICMP type:3, code:3, Destination port unreachable)
With MED:-
PC1> trace 20.1.1.10
–<< No change
–<< No change
trace to 20.1.1.10, 8 hops max, press Ctrl+C to stop
1 10.1.1.1
10.000 ms 10.000 ms 10.000 ms
10.000 ms 10.000 ms 10.000 ms
2 12.12.12.2
50.000 ms 30.000 ms 30.000 ms
\R2
50.000 ms 30.000 ms 30.000 ms
\R2
3 25.25.25.5
50.000 ms 50.000 ms 50.000 ms
\R5
50.000 ms 50.000 ms 50.000 ms
\R5
4 56.56.56.6
60.000 ms 60.000 ms 60.000 ms
\R6
60.000 ms 60.000 ms 60.000 ms
\R6
5 20.1.1.10 70.000 ms (ICMP type:3, code:3, Destination
port unreachable)
port unreachable)
PC2:-
Without MED
C2> trace 10.1.1.10
trace to 10.1.1.10, 8 hops max, press Ctrl+C to stop
1 20.1.1.1
10.000 ms 10.000 ms 10.000 ms
10.000 ms 10.000 ms 10.000 ms
2 46.46.46.4
30.000 ms 30.000 ms 30.000 ms \R4
30.000 ms 30.000 ms 30.000 ms \R4
3
34.34.34.3 50.000 ms 40.000 ms
50.000 ms \R3
34.34.34.3 50.000 ms 40.000 ms
50.000 ms \R3
4
13.13.13.1 50.000 ms 70.000 ms
70.000 ms \R1
13.13.13.1 50.000 ms 70.000 ms
70.000 ms \R1
5 *10.1.1.10
70.000 ms (ICMP type:3, code:3, Destination port unreachable)
70.000 ms (ICMP type:3, code:3, Destination port unreachable)
With MED:-
PC2> trace 10.1.1.10
trace to 10.1.1.10, 8 hops max, press Ctrl+C to stop
1 20.1.1.1
10.000 ms 10.000 ms 10.000 ms
10.000 ms 10.000 ms 10.000 ms
2 56.56.56.5
20.000 ms 30.000 ms 30.000 ms \R5
20.000 ms 30.000 ms 30.000 ms \R5
3
25.25.25.2 30.000 ms 40.000 ms
30.000 ms \R2
25.25.25.2 30.000 ms 40.000 ms
30.000 ms \R2
4
12.12.12.1 70.000 ms 70.000 ms
60.000 ms \R1
12.12.12.1 70.000 ms 70.000 ms
60.000 ms \R1
5 *10.1.1.10
80.000 ms (ICMP type:3, code:3, Destination port unreachable)
80.000 ms (ICMP type:3, code:3, Destination port unreachable)